iSymBase - Comprehensive Insect Symbiont Database

Functional Symbionts

183 records

Records of insect symbionts with verified function from literatures.

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Symbiont Species	Strain Records	Classification	Function Tags	Total Records
Proteus vulgaris Pseudomonadota	Leptinotarsa decemlineata Proteus vulgaris Ld01 produces toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and a mandelonitrile-producing cyanoglucoside, amygdalin, w… Bombyx mori Proteus vulgaris degrades cellulose, xylan, pectin, and starch.	Bacteria	Carbohydrate Metabolism Cellulose Hydrolysis Natural Enemy Resistance Pectin Hydrolysis Toxin Production +1 more	2
Serratia harmoniae Pseudomonadota	Harmonia axyridis the harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis) safely harbors Serratia harmoniae, a highly pathogenic bacterium that causes…	Bacteria	Natural Enemy Resistance	1
Klebsiella spp. Pseudomonadota	Spodoptera frugiperda Klebsiella spp. may have positive effects on insect fecundity. Menecleonus virgatus Klebsiella spp. provides nitrogen fixation to hosts in desert environments. Maximus mimosae Klebsiella spp. provides nitrogen fixation to hosts in desert environments. Diatraea saccharalis Klebsiella spp. exhibits activity of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes.	Bacteria	Cellulose Hydrolysis Fertility Nitrogen Fixation	4
Morganella morganii Pseudomonadota	Phormia regina Morganella morganii produces semiochemicals that deter oviposition by the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), potentially… Episyrphus balteatus No function data Bactrocera dorsalis Morganella morganii may hydrolyze nitrogenous waste and provide metabolizable nitrogen for Bactrocera dorsalis. Delia antiqua Morganella morganii showed significant volatile inhibition activity against the fungal entomopathogens Fusarium monilif… Costelytra zealandica Morganella morganii residing in the colleterial glands produces phenol 1 as the female sex pheromone. Costelytra zealandica Morganella morganii was previously shown to use phenol as a sex pheromone, which is produced by symbiotic bacteria in t… Costelytra zealandica Morganella morganii produces phenol as the host's sex pheromone from tyrosine in the colleterial gland.	Bacteria	Antimicrobial Activity Fertility Nitrogen Fixation Semiochemical Biosynthesis	7
Serratia marcescens Pseudomonadota	Phormia regina Serratia marcescens produces semiochemicals that prompt oviposition by the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), potentiall… Bactrocera minax Serratia marcescens degrades phenols found in unripe citrus within Bactrocera minax larvae, functioning as a key detoxi… Nezara viridula Serratia marcescens facilitates the nutrition of Nezara viridula by degrading toxic plant metabolites and repressing ho… Nezara viridula Serratia marcescens plays an important role in modulating the interaction between Nezara viridula and host plants, pote… Pagiophloeus tsushimanus Serratia marcescens is a gut bacterium that demonstrates terpenoid-degrading activity, showing the highest degradation … Riptortus pedestris Serratia marcescens mediates the detoxification of organophosphate pesticide (dimethoate) in Riptortus pedestris by pos… Spodoptera litura Serratia marcescens is a pathogenic bacterium whose ingestion negatively affects the development and nutritional physio… Melanaphis bambusae No function data Rhodnius prolixus Serratia marcescens (in Rhodnius prolixus) is described in a study which highlights that certain bacteria (like Acineto… Spodoptera frugiperda Serratia marcescens facilitates the degradation of flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole in Spodoptera frugiperda. Nicrophorus vespilloides Serratia marcescens produces an antibacterial cyclic lipopeptide called serrawettin W2 in Nicrophorus vespilloides. Aedes aegypti Serratia marcescens facilitates arboviral infection by secreting SmEnhancin, which digests membrane-bound mucins on the… Nicrophorus vespilloides Serratia marcescens 2MH3-2 produces the antibacterial compound Serrawettin W2, which has antibacterial and nematode-inh… Rhodnius prolixus No function data Maculinea alcon Serratia marcescens is associated with growth-promoting activity and is capable of producing volatile pyrazines (includ… Zootermopsis nevadensis A high concentration of Serratia marcescens leads to high mortality in termites. Anopheles stephensi No function data Phlebotomus papatasi No function data Aedes aegypti Serratia marcescens contributes to the gut microbiome homeostasis maintained by mosquito C-type lectins. Scirpophaga incertulas The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage, and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different type… Plutella xylostella Serratia marcescens produces chitinase, contributing to host nutrition. Tenebrio molitor Serratia marcescens exhibits plastic-degrading properties against bioplastics such as PBSA, PBS, and PCL. Plodia interpunctella Serratia marcescens ZJC2 degrades polyethylene (PE).	Bacteria	Antimicrobial Activity Cellulose Hydrolysis Chitin Degradation Detoxification Enzymes Fertility +7 more	23
Klebsiella sp. Pseudomonadota	Scirpophaga incertulas Klebsiella sp. strain NRYSBKS-1 can degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro. Spodoptera frugiperda Klebsiella sp. EMBL-1 is able to depolymerize and utilize Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a sole energy source in the gut o… Hypothenemus hampei Klebsiella sp. might contribute to caffeine breakdown using the C-8 oxidation pathway (detoxification) in Hypothenemus … Aedes aegypti Klebsiella sp. MC1F could impact the larval development of Aedes aegypti (e.g., spermidine production). Spodoptera frugiperda Klebsiella sp. FAW8-1 mediates assaults by maize defenses on the fall armyworm's digestive and immune systems, resultin… Helicoverpa armigera Klebsiella sp. leads to the hydrolysis of cellulosic waste into reducing sugars that can be used for bacterial growth. Bactrocera tau Klebsiella sp. could attract male and female Bactrocera tau. Phlebotomus papatasi No function data Termitidae The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage, and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different type… Pyrrhocoris apterus Klebsiella sp. clone KP20W6 plays an important role by degrading complex dietary components, providing nutrient supplem… Tenebrio molitor Klebsiella sp. WJ2020 degrades Polystyrene (PS).	Bacteria	Cellulose Hydrolysis Detoxification Enzymes Developmental Modulation Pesticide Metabolization Plant Defense Modulation +2 more	11
Morganella Pseudomonadota	Aldrichina grahami No function data	Bacteria		1
Providencia Pseudomonadota	Aldrichina grahami No function data Spodoptera frugiperda No function data Ceratitis capitata No function data Musca altica No function data	Bacteria		4
Buchnera aphidicola Pseudomonadota	Episyrphus balteatus No function data Diuraphis noxia No function data Myzus persicae No function data Acyrthosiphon pisum Buchnera aphidicola (the nutritional endosymbiont of Acyrthosiphon pisum) requires aspartate from the host to biosynthe… Helicoverpa armigera No function data Acyrthosiphon pisum Buchnera aphidicola (an endosymbiont) can synthesize and provide essential nutrients (e.g., amino acids) for its host, … Melanaphis sacchari No function data Sitobion miscanthi Buchnera aphidicola derives the protein GroES which induces hydrogen peroxide accumulation and callose deposition in wh… Melanaphis bambusae No function data Acyrthosiphon pisum Buchnera aphidicola supplies the host Acyrthosiphon pisum with vitamins and essential amino acids, such as arginine and… Aphis craccivora Buchnera aphidicola is an obligatory nutritional symbiont of the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora. Sipha maydis Buchnera aphidicola is involved in the production of certain B vitamins (biotin/B7 and riboflavin/B2) and essential ami… Periphyllus lyropictus Buchnera aphidicola is involved in the production of certain B vitamins (biotin/B7 and riboflavin/B4) and essential ami… Myzus persicae Buchnera aphidicola can facilitate cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) transmission by modulating plant volatile profiles in th… Acyrthosiphon pisum Buchnera aphidicola (obligate symbiont) is under metabolic constraints or antisense transcripts may reduce its producti… Pentalonia nigronervosa No function data Aphis gossypii Increased density of endosymbiotic Buchnera is related to pesticide resistance in the yellow morph of Aphis gossypii (m… Cinara cuneomaculata No function data Aphis gossypii Buchnera aphidicola provides the host aphid with essential amino acids, vitamins, and sterols necessary for normal deve… Myzus persicae Buchnera aphidicola provides the host aphid with essential amino acids, vitamins, and sterols necessary for normal deve… Aphis gossypii Buchnera aphidicola functions in nutrient-provisioning (e.g., amino acids). Aphis fabae Buchnera aphidicola functions in nutrient-provisioning (e.g., amino acids). Cinara strobi Buchnera aphidicola contributes to the host's supply of essential nutrients (e.g., amino acids). Acyrthosiphon pisum Buchnera aphidicola endosymbionts are degraded through a lysosomal-dependent mechanism in senescent bacteriocytes. Acyrthosiphon pisum Buchnera aphidicola is involved in the biosynthesis of more than 10 essential amino acids. Lachninae No function data Lachninae No function data Cinara cedri Buchnera aphidicola BCc provides essential amino acids, coenzymes, and vitamins to enable the host to adapt to a plant-… Lachninae Buchnera aphidicola supplies essential nutrients to its hosts for normal development and is the obligate symbiont in ne… Acyrthosiphon pisum No function data Myzus persicae Buchnera aphidicola disruption down-regulated the expression of the host's Mp63 salivary protein gene. Sitobion miscanthi Buchnera aphidicola is an obligate symbiont that provides essential amino acids. Acyrthosiphon pisum Buchnera aphidicola produces essential amino acids (EAAs), matching the supply of bacterial nutrients to the nutritiona… Cinara tujafilina Buchnera aphidicola (one of two coprimary bacteria in the subfamily Lachninae) fulfills the metabolic needs of the host… Cinara cedri No function data Acyrthosiphon pisum Buchnera aphidicola complements aphid genes in purine metabolism, and the bacterium can meet its nucleotide requirement… Acyrthosiphon pisum Buchnera aphidicola (APS) produces arginine, compensating for the pea aphid's lack of capacity to synthesize this amino… Macrosiphum euphorbiae Buchnera aphidicola expression patterns, influenced by the host plant, may contribute to the differential adaptation of… Aphis glycines Buchnera aphidicola is an obligate symbiont contributing to amino acid provision. Baizongia pistaciae Buchnera aphidicola supports the exploitation of the poor diet of plant-phloem sap by aphids through supplementation of… Acyrthosiphon pisum Buchnera aphidicola synthesizes the essential amino acid tryptophan.	Bacteria	B Vitamin Supplementation Amino Acid Provision Detoxification Enzymes Nitrogen Fixation Nutrient Provision +5 more	56
Serratia symbiotica Pseudomonadota	Episyrphus balteatus No function data Acyrthosiphon pisum Serratia symbiotica improves the host aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) growth and fecundity while reducing longevity. It als… Helicoverpa armigera No function data Acyrthosiphon pisum Serratia symbiotica inhibits the process of regression from winged to wingless morph (apterization) in Acyrthosiphon pi… Sipha maydis Serratia symbiotica is involved in the production of certain B vitamins (biotin/B7 and riboflavin/B3) and essential ami… Periphyllus lyropictus Serratia symbiotica is involved in the production of certain B vitamins (biotin/B7 and riboflavin/B5) and essential ami… Anoecia corni No function data Acyrthosiphon pisum Serratia symbiotica promotes the development and growth of the pea aphid host Acyrthosiphon pisum through enhancing fat… Aphis gossypii Serratia symbiotica functions as gut pathogens in aphid hosts like Aphis gossypii. Acyrthosiphon pisum Serratia symbiotica impairs plant defence response by suppressing Ca2+ elevation and ROS accumulation, allowing coloniz… Aphis fabae No function data Adelges tsugae Serratia symbiotica helps maintain host aphid fitness during heat stress and may protect the obligate symbiont Buchnera. Acyrthosiphon pisum Serratia symbiotica enzymes may facilitate the digestion of plant proteins, thereby helping to suppress plant defense. Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris Serratia symbiotica infection made aphids more susceptible to most of the tested insecticides than non-infected aphids. Lachninae No function data Acyrthosiphon pisum The absence of a single naturally occurring isolate of Serratia symbiotica led to a significant preference by wasps for… Adelges tsugae No function data Acyrthosiphon pisum Serratia symbiotica SAp is closely related to an obligate endosymbiont and is involved in the provision of amino acids. Camponotus japonicus No function data Cinara tujafilina Serratia symbiotica (one of two coprimary bacteria in the subfamily Lachninae) fulfills the metabolic needs of the host…	Bacteria	B Vitamin Supplementation Amino Acid Provision Developmental Modulation Fertility Growth Regulation +6 more	21
Candidatus Dasytiphilus Pseudomonadota	Listrus sp. Candidatus Dasytiphilus stammeri contributes to its host (Listrus sp.) by provisioning tyrosine for cuticle sclerotizat… Danacea nigritarsis GER Candidatus Dasytiphilus stammeri contributes to its host (Listrus sp.) by provisioning tyrosine for cuticle sclerotizat… Danacea nigritarsis ITA Candidatus Dasytiphilus stammeri contributes to its host (Listrus sp.) by provisioning tyrosine for cuticle sclerotizat… Psilothrix viridicoerulea Candidatus Dasytiphilus stammeri contributes to its host (Listrus sp.) by provisioning tyrosine for cuticle sclerotizat… Dasytes virens Candidatus Dasytiphilus stammeri contributes to its host (Listrus sp.) by provisioning tyrosine for cuticle sclerotizat… Dasytes seminudus Candidatus Dasytiphilus stammeri contributes to its host (Listrus sp.) by provisioning tyrosine for cuticle sclerotizat… Dasytes plumbeus Candidatus Dasytiphilus stammeri contributes to its host (Listrus sp.) by provisioning tyrosine for cuticle sclerotizat… Dasytes lineellus Candidatus Dasytiphilus stammeri contributes to its host (Listrus sp.) by provisioning tyrosine for cuticle sclerotizat… Dasytes alpigradus Candidatus Dasytiphilus stammeri contributes to its host (Listrus sp.) by provisioning tyrosine for cuticle sclerotizat… Dasytes aeratus Candidatus Dasytiphilus stammeri contributes to its host (Listrus sp.) by provisioning tyrosine for cuticle sclerotizat… soft-winged flower beetles Candidatus Dasytiphilus stammeri contributes to its host (Listrus sp.) by provisioning tyrosine for cuticle sclerotizat… Dasytes Plumbeus No function data Dasytes virens No function data	Bacteria	Amino Acid Provision	19
Stammera Pseudomonadota	Chelymorpha alternans Candidatus Stammera is metabolically decoupled in adult beetles to match the nutritional and reproductive requirements … Notosacantha Candidatus Stammera produces and supplies pectinases to the alimentary tract of its leaf beetle host, Notosacantha, fac…	Bacteria	Fertility Growth Regulation Pectin Hydrolysis Plant Biomass Digestion	2
Candidatus Aschnera Pseudomonadota	Penicillidia jenynsii Candidatus Aschnera chinzeii provides essential B vitamins and cofactors to its blood-sucking host, Penicillidia jenyns…	Bacteria	B Vitamin Supplementation	1
Candidatus Arsenophonus Pseudomonadota	Nilaparvata lugens Candidatus Arsenophonus nilaparvatae infection results in an acquired insecticide sensitivity trait in transinfected pl… Nilaparvata lugens Candidatus Arsenophonus nilaparvatae (a facultative endosymbiont) has the potential role of synthesizing B vitamins for… Lipoptena cervi No function data Pseudolynchia canariensis No function data	Bacteria	B Vitamin Supplementation Pesticide Metabolization	4
Pantoea sp. Pseudomonadota	Nezara viridula Pantoea sp. Nvir facilitates the nutrition of Nezara viridula by degrading toxic plant metabolites and repressing host … Nezara viridula Pantoea sp. Nvir plays an important role in modulating the interaction between Nezara viridula and host plants, potenti… Eumaeus atala Pantoea sp. Pa-EAmG is a strain possessing a siderophore biosynthetic pathway (e.g., desferrioxamine B), which is hypot… Eumaeus atala Pantoea sp. EA-12 is a strain possessing a siderophore biosynthetic pathway (e.g., desferrioxamine B), which is hypothe… Eumaeus atala Pantoea sp. EABMAA-21 is a strain possessing a siderophore biosynthetic pathway (e.g., desferrioxamine B), which is hyp… Grapholita molesta Pantoea sp. reduces the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana to the host Grapholita molesta. Psylliodes chrysocephala Pantoea sp. Pc8 (a core genus) restored the isothiocyanate degradation ability in vivo in antibiotic-fed Psylliodes chr… Hypothenemus hampei Pantoea sp. might contribute to caffeine breakdown using the C-8 oxidation pathway (detoxification) in Hypothenemus ham… Brachynema germari Pantoea sp. in Brachynema germari leads to external morphological changes (e.g., abnormalities in notum and wings), sig… Brachynema germari Kolenati Pantoea sp. improves the fitness of Brachynema germari, as symbiont-free insects exhibit retarded growth, lower longevi… Nezara viridula Pantoea sp. helps stinkbugs feed on developing soybean seeds despite chemical defenses by degrading isoflavonoids and d… Plutella xylostella Pantoea sp. showed active decarboxylase activities and poor deaminase activities in the presence of various amino acids. Phlebotomus papatasi No function data Bombyx mori Pantoea sp. produces cellulase and amylase enzymes.	Bacteria	Carbohydrate Metabolism Cellulose Hydrolysis Detoxification Enzymes Developmental Modulation Growth Regulation +4 more	16
Sodalis praecaptivus Pseudomonadota	Nezara viridula Sodalis praecaptivus plays an important role in modulating the interaction between Nezara viridula and host plants, and… Sitophilus zeamais The quorum sensing (QS) system in Sodalis praecaptivus negatively regulates a potent insect-killing phenotype.	Bacteria	Other Plant Defense Modulation	2
Citrobacter freundii Pseudomonadota	Tribolium castaneum Citrobacter freundii may produce the semiochemical 4,8-dimethyldecanal (DMD), which is strongly associated with female … Plutella xylostella No function data Leptinotarsa decemlineata Citrobacter freundii affects the cellular and humoral immunity of Leptinotarsa decemlineata, thereby increasing its sus… Bactrocera dorsalis Citrobacter freundii strain BD1 promotes the growth of larvae in Bactrocera dorsalis. Delia antiqua Citrobacter freundii (one of six symbiotic bacteria) protects Delia antiqua larvae from Beauveria bassiana infection th… Delia antiqua Citrobacter freundii suppresses Beauveria bassiana conidia germination and hyphal growth. Bactrocera dorsalis Citrobacter freundii enhances host resistance to the organophosphate insecticide trichlorphon. Bactrocera dorsalis Citrobacter freundii is involved in the degradation of trichlorphon. Bombyx mori Citrobacter freundii degrades cellulose, xylan, pectin, and starch.	Bacteria	Antimicrobial Activity Carbohydrate Metabolism Cellulose Hydrolysis Chemical Biosynthesis Growth Regulation +6 more	10
Escherichia coli Pseudomonadota	Tribolium castaneum Escherichia coli may produce the semiochemical 4,8-dimethyldecanal (DMD), which is strongly associated with female attr… Melanaphis sacchari No function data Manduca sexta Escherichia coli modulates immunity-related gene expression in the infected F0 larvae and their offspring, triggering i… Calliphoridae No function data Muscidae No function data Galleria mellonella Escherichia coli mediates trans-generational immune priming.	Bacteria	Immune Priming Semiochemical Biosynthesis	6
Enterobacter Pseudomonadota	Ceratitis capitata Enterobacter (as part of a probiotic consortium) significantly influences the intestinal microbiota structure, leading … Spodoptera frugiperda No function data Zeugodacus cucurbitae No function data Ceratitis capitata No function data Chilo suppressalis Enterobacter is an oral bacterium that interferes with rice anti-herbivore defense and aroids the full activation of JA… Helicoverpa armigera No function data Leptinotarsa decemlineata Enterobacter suppresses plant defenses in potato plants, which are exploited by Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Monochamus alternatus Enterobacter may help Monochamus alternatus degrade cellulose and pinene. Galleria mellonella Enterobacter sp. D1 biodegrades polyethylene. Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Enterobacter exhibits anti-phytopathogenic fungi activity, and promotes host growth and development. Conorhynchus palumbus Enterobacter provides nitrogen fixation to hosts in desert environments. Leptinotarsa decemlineata Enterobacter is primarily responsible for the suppression of plant defenses in potato. Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Enterobacter can degrade plant polysaccharides and confer host optimal adaptation to its environment by modulating its … Plutella xylostella Enterobacter is involved in the degradation of acephate and uses acephate as a source of carbon and energy for growth. Sitobion miscanthi No function data	Bacteria	Antimicrobial Activity Carbohydrate Metabolism Carbohydrates Enzymes Cellulose Hydrolysis Nitrogen Fixation +4 more	15
Klebsiella oxytoca Pseudomonadota	Ceratitis capitata Klebsiella oxytoca (as part of a probiotic consortium) significantly influences the intestinal microbiota structure, le… Drosophila suzukii Klebsiella oxytoca promotes the fitness of Drosophila suzukii in a special ecological niche by affecting sugar metaboli… Bactrocera dorsalis Klebsiella oxytoca may hydrolyze nitrogenous waste and provide metabolizable nitrogen for Bactrocera dorsalis. Musca domestica Klebsiella oxytoca is associated with newly laid Musca domestica eggs, where it is deposited by the female, and has a r… Bactrocera dorsalis Klebsiella oxytoca strain BD4 promotes the growth of larvae in Bactrocera dorsalis. Bactrocera dorsalis Klebsiella oxytoca in an enriched diet increases the lifespan but lowers the fecundity of female Bactrocera dorsalis. Cleonus trivittatus Klebsiella oxytoca is associated with toxin-degradation activities in vitro, and antibiotic-treated larvae suffered gro… Delia lupini Klebsiella oxytoca is associated with toxin-degradation activities in vitro, and antibiotic-treated larvae suffered gro… Walshia miscecolorella Klebsiella oxytoca is associated with toxin-degradation activities in vitro, and antibiotic-treated larvae suffered gro… Diatraea saccharalis Klebsiella oxytoca possesses cellulose degrading activity. Acrolepiopsis assectella Klebsiella oxytoca produces the volatile alkyl disulfides in fecal pellets, which serve as kairomones to attract the pa… Tenebrio molitor Klebsiella oxytoca exhibits plastic-degrading properties against bioplastics such as PBSA, PBS, and PCL.	Bacteria	Carbohydrate Metabolism Carbohydrates Enzymes Cellulose Hydrolysis Detoxification Enzymes Growth Regulation +4 more	12