Functional Symbionts

54 records

Records of insect symbionts with verified function from literatures.

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Host Insect Classification Localization Function Function Tags Year Edit
Spiroplasma

Mycoplasmatota
Bacteria

2020
Spiroplasma

Mycoplasmatota
Bacteria

2020
Spiroplasma

Mycoplasmatota
Bacteria

2020
Bacteria
Intracellular

Spiroplasma poulsonii manipulates the host's reproduction by killing its male progeny at the embryonic stage.
Male Killing

2020
Spiroplasma

Mycoplasmatota
Bacteria
Extracellular

2020
Bacteria
Intracellular

Spiroplasma poulsonii can encode Ribosome Inactivating Proteins (RIPs) that induce damage, contributing to male embryo death.
Male Killing

2019
Bacteria
Intracellular

Spiroplasma poulsonii protects its host against parasitoid wasps and nematodes through the action of toxins from the Ribosome Inactivating Proteins family.
Natural Enemy Resistance Toxin Production

2019
Spiroplasma sp. WSS

Mycoplasmatota
Bacteria
Intracellular

Spiroplasma sp. WSS encodes biosynthetic pathways for essential B vitamins (B2, B3, and B9) and carries putative virulence genes, including cardiolipin and chitinase.
B Vitamin Supplementation Toxin Production

2019
Spiroplasma

Mycoplasmatota
Bacteria

Spiroplasma plays important roles in helping the host larva to digest foods, adapt to extreme environments, or resist pathogens.
Digestive Enzymes

2019
Spiroplasma

Mycoplasmatota
Bacteria
Intracellular

Spiroplasma may manipulate host reproduction (e.g., cause male-killing) or provide resistance to nematodes and/or parasitoid wasps.
Male Killing Natural Enemy Resistance

2018
Bacteria

Spiroplasma poulsonii MSRO-H99 expresses a protein, designated Spaid, which induces male killing.
Male Killing

2018
Bacteria

Spiroplasma poulsonii MSRO-SE expresses a protein, designated Spaid, which induces male killing.
Male Killing

2018
Klebsiella

Pseudomonadota

Glossina sp.

Burkina Faso, Ugan…

Bacteria

2017
Rickettsia

Pseudomonadota

Glossina sp.

Burkina Faso, Ugan…

Bacteria

2017
Spiroplasma

Mycoplasmatota

Glossina sp.

Burkina Faso, Ugan…

Bacteria
Intracellular

High Spiroplasma density may play a role in larval fitness.
Stress Resistance

2017
Spiroplasma

Mycoplasmatota
Bacteria

The absence of Spiroplasma led to a significant preference by wasps for plants previously attacked by aphids without this symbiont.
Natural Enemy Resistance

2017
Spiroplasma

Mycoplasmatota
Bacteria

Spiroplasma (when parasitized by the nematode Howardula aoronymphium) encodes a ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) that is related to Shiga-like toxins from Escherichia coli, and causes Howardula ribosomal RNA (rRNA) to be depurinated during symbiont-mediated protection of D. neotestacea.
Other

2016
Spiroplasma

Mycoplasmatota
Bacteria
Extracellular

The presence of Spiroplasma (together with Wolbachia) in D. melanogaster up-regulated certain immune-related genes.
Immune Priming

2016
Wolbachia

Pseudomonadota
Bacteria
Intracellular

The presence of Wolbachia (together with Spiroplasma) in D. melanogaster up-regulated certain immune-related genes.
Immune Priming

2016
Spiroplasma

Mycoplasmatota

Anopheles gambiae

Burkina Faso

Bacteria
Intracellular

Spiroplasma may have reproductive interactions with mosquito hosts, either by providing an indirect fitness advantage to females by inducing male killing or by directly protecting the host against natural pathogens.
Male Killing Pathogen Resistance

2016
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