Functional Symbionts

2682 records

Records of insect symbionts with verified function from literatures.

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Host Insect Classification Localization Function Function Tags Year Edit
Bacteria
Extracellular

Snodgrassella communis wkB12 contributes to carbohydrate metabolism with host specificity.
Carbohydrate Metabolism

2014
Bacteria
Extracellular

Snodgrassella communis wkB29 contributes to carbohydrate metabolism with host specificity.
Carbohydrate Metabolism

2014
Bacteria
Extracellular

Gilliamella apicola wkB30 contributes to carbohydrate metabolism with host specificity.
Carbohydrate Metabolism

2014
Bacteria
Extracellular

Gilliamella apicola strains with specific BGCs produce an unknown type of RiPP, which is active against the pathogen Melissococcus plutonius (antimicrobial activity).
Antimicrobial Activity

2023
Bacteria
Extracellular

Gilliamella apicola W8136 protects honeybees from the pathogenic Hafnia alvei.
Antimicrobial Activity

2022
Gilliamella apicola

Pseudomonadota
Bacteria
Extracellular

Gilliamella apicola regulates circulating metabolites involved in carbohydrate and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways, and affects the mutually exclusive exon (MXE) and SE events of a high-confidence ASD risk gene, Ank2 (carbohydrate metabolism, developmental modulation).
Carbohydrate Metabolism Developmental Modulation

2022
Gilliamella apicola

Pseudomonadota
Bacteria
Extracellular

Gilliamella apicola carries main Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs), especially those for resistance to fosfomycin (88%), beta-lactams (73%), fluoroquinolones (63%), and MLS (57%) (immune priming/antibiotic resistance).
Immune Priming

2022
Gilliamella apicola

Pseudomonadota
Bacteria
Extracellular

Gilliamella apicola possesses strain-level variations in its ability for sugar utilization, which might be important for host food digestion (carbohydrate metabolism).
Carbohydrate Metabolism

2020
Gilliamella apicola

Pseudomonadota
Bacteria
Extracellular

Gilliamella apicola with PL-CE gene clusters is responsible for the breakdown of pectin in the gut (carbohydrate metabolism/pectin hydrolysis).
Carbohydrate Metabolism

2019
Gilliamella apicola

Pseudomonadota

Apis mellifera

USA, Malaysia, Sing…

Bacteria
Extracellular

Gilliamella apicola utilizes several sugars, including mannose, xylose, arabinose, and rhamnose, which are harmful to bee hosts (carbohydrate metabolism/detoxification).
Carbohydrate Metabolism

2016
Bacteria
Extracellular

Bifidobacterium asteroides colonization alters the brain neurotransmitter and gene expression patterns, which might be associated with a unique PUL-like genomic region (developmental modulation).
Developmental Modulation

2021
Bacteria
Extracellular

Bifidobacterium asteroides is specifically enriched in Glycoside Hydrolases (GHs) organized into Polysaccharide Utilization Loci (PULs) and expressed in response to different hemicelluloses (carbohydrate metabolism).
Carbohydrate Metabolism

2019
Bacteria
Extracellular

Lactobacillus apis W8172 protects honeybees from the pathogenic Hafnia alvei.
Antimicrobial Activity

2022
Bacteria
Extracellular

Lactobacillus Firm4 and Firm5 mainly alter the amino acid metabolism pathway and enhance the expression of the odorant-binding protein gene Obp14 (amino acid provision/detoxification).
Amino Acid Provision

2022
Bacteria
Extracellular

Lactobacillus panisapium contains a unique set of genes encoding l-arabinofuranosidase, likely important for survival in competitive environments (carbohydrate metabolism).
Carbohydrate Metabolism

2021
Snodgrassella

Pseudomonadota
Bacteria
Extracellular

Snodgrassella is the major carrier of tetracycline resistance genes (immune priming/antibiotic resistance).
Immune Priming

2022
Snodgrassella

Pseudomonadota
Bacteria
Extracellular

S. alvi is responsible for maintaining anoxia in the gut by using acetate to fuel oxygen-consuming respiratory activity, which is crucial for the appropriate metabolism of other gut symbionts (growth regulation/carbohydrate metabolism).
Growth Regulation

2017

Apis mellifera

USA, Australia

Bacteria
Extracellular

Gilliamella apicola PEB0191(T) exhibits a high level of resistance to oxytetracycline (pesticide metabolization).
Pesticide Metabolization

2013
Fukatsuia

Gammaproteobacteria
Bacteria
Intracellular

Fukatsuia symbiotica provides defense against fungal pathogens but interferes with host embryonic development and reproduction, especially at warmer temperatures (natural enemy resistance, growth regulation, developmental modulation).
Natural Enemy Resistance Growth Regulation Developmental Modulation

2025
Blattabacterium

Bacteroidota
Bacteria
Intracellular

Blattabacterium is equipped to provision vitamins and a near-complete suite of amino acids to its host, which may reduce the host's reliance on the gut microbiome for these functions (amino acid provision, vitamin supplementation).
Amino Acid Provision Vitamin Supplementation

2014
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