Acinetobacter can effectively degrade cellulose and harmful substances such as polystyrene and phenol.It can help the short-winged BPH to improve its detoxification ability in harsh environments and adapt to environmental changes at any time.

inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility

Wolbachia's parthenogenesis-induction feminization factor (piff) gene modulates sex determination in Encarsia formosa by regulating doublesex (dsx) expression. When Wolbachia is removed, female-specific dsx decreases while male-specific dsx increases, resulting in haploid male offspring

Wolbachia titers are relate to sex determination of host

Differences in Male-Killing Rickettsia Bacteria between Lineages of the Invasive Gall-Causing Pest Leptocybe invasa

Differences in Male-Killing Rickettsia Bacteria between Lineages of the Invasive Gall-Causing Pest Leptocybe invasa

To achieve Male killing (MK), Wolbachia impaired the host dosage compensation system and triggered abnormal apoptosis in male embryos.Also, disrupted the sex-determination cascade of males by inducing female-type splice variants of doublesex (dsx), a downstream regulator of the sex-determining gene cascade.

To achieve Male killing (MK), Spiroplasma triggered abnormal apoptosis in male embryos. Also, disrupted the sex-determination cascade of males by inducing female-type splice variants of doublesex (dsx), a downstream regulator of the sex-determining gene cascade.

female ladybirds co-infected with Hesperomyces harmoniae and Spiroplasma had a significantly lower fecundity and hatchability compared to females with only one or no symbiont

female ladybirds co-infected with Hesperomyces harmoniae and Spiroplasma had a significantly lower fecundity and hatchability compared to females with only one or no symbiont

a causative agent of cytoplasmic incompatibility

involved in feminization and parthenogenesis

male killing

manipulate the sexual development and reproduction of their insect hosts.

The ingestion of bacteria negatively affected the development and nutritional physiology of insect. The bacteria after successful establishment started degrading the gut wall and invaded the haemocoel thereby causing the death of the host.

The ingestion of bacteria negatively affected the development and nutritional physiology of insect. The bacteria after successful establishment started degrading the gut wall and invaded the haemocoel thereby causing the death of the host.

induces cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI)

induced male-killing

causing cytoplasmic incompatibility but not male-killing in a grain pest beetle

Buchnera provide the aphid with essential amino acids and nutrients that are limited in the aphid’s diet