providing host insects with almost all essential amino acids and several B vitamins

provide nutrients that cannot be obtained from plant sap food sources

Carsonella produces most essential amino acids (EAAs) for C. pyricola, Psyllophila complements the genes missing in Carsonella for the tryptophan pathway and synthesizes some vitamins and carotenoids

Their primary contribution to host fitness is deduced as supplementation of nutrients such as essential amino acids and vitamins

B. subtilis can generate a variety of primary and secondary metabolites, such as B vitamins and antimicrobial compounds, to provide micronutrients and enhance the pathogen resistance of their insect host; The antimicrobial compounds secreted by B. subtilis were the primary driving force for the reconstruction of intestinal microbiota

collaborative arginine biosynthesis

collaborative arginine biosynthesis

supply complementary nutrition to E. pela

may hydrolysing nitrogenous waste and providing metabolizable nitrogen for B. dorsalis

may hydrolysing nitrogenous waste and providing metabolizable nitrogen for B. dorsalis

symbiotic bacteria may contribute to nitrogen transformation in the larvae of B. dorsalis in the enclosed environment of fruit pulp,core bacteria mediated essential amino acid (arginine excluded) biosynthesis by ammonium assimilation and transamination

synthesize all essential amino acids and significantly alters the amino acid content of synthetic larval diet, largely by supplying the essential amino acid lysine

symbiont removal caused severe shortfalls of some essential amino acids, including branched-chain and aromatic amino acids

provides its host with at least some B vitamins

Attracting egg laying, promote the emergence of flies by providing the B group vitamin, pyridoxine

gut microbiota of a host for nutritional needs and survival

gut microbiota of a host for nutritional needs and survival

It supplies the host with vitamins and essential amino acids, such as arginine and methionine that aphids cannot synthesize or derive insufficiently from their diet, the phloem sap of plants

obligatory nutritional symbiont

producing of certain B vitamins (in particular biotin/B7 and riboflavin/B2) and essential amino acids