provides strong protection against parasitoid wasps; Negative effects of R5.15 on host survival and lifetime reproduction were limited and frequently non-significant

provides strong protection against parasitoid wasps; Negative effects of R5.15 on host survival and lifetime reproduction were limited and frequently non-significant

Hamiltonella confers resistance to parasitoids and increases thermotolerance

Ochrobactrum sp. is one of the transstadial bacteria, which is also known to be pathogenic to humans

attenuate the systemic release of volatiles by plants after aphid attack, reducing parasitic wasp recruitment and increasing aphid fitness.

injected two Spiroplasma isolates into secondary symbiont-free aphids and found that wasps showed a significant preference for plants previously attacked by aphids without this symbiont

with a single naturally occurring isolate of Serratia symbiotica, wasps showed a significant preference for plants that had been fed on by aphids without the symbiont

in an experiment with a single-injected isolate of Rickettsiella sp. wasps were also attracted to plants fed on by aphids without secondary symbionts

Hamiltonella is known to protect aphids against parasitism.

supporting the hypothesis that competition for host lipids underlies S. poulsonii-mediated protection against parasitoid wasps

potential defensive properties against he parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides

potential defensive properties against he parasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides

Provides resistance to certain parasitic wasps, such as Aphidius

Spiroplasma protect their host against parasitoid attack. The Spiroplasma-conferred protection is partial and flies surviving a wasp attack have reduced adult longevity and fecundity

symbiont provided strong protection against L. fabarum and Aphidius colemani, but there was no evidence that H. defensa-infected aphids were more resistant to the other parasitoid species

encoded horizontally acquired genes for synthesizing a novel polyketide toxin, providing defense against natural enemies

confers protection against parasitoid wasps

confers protection against parasitoid wasps, but only when H. defensa is itself infected by the phage A. pisum secondary endosymbiont (APSE)

Secrete versatile secondary metabolites; provide protection from parasites and pathogens

when faced with hosts possessing H. defensa, aphid parasitoids are under selection to preferentially attack the youngest host stages and/or to discriminate against symbiont-protected aphids; suggest a high specificity of symbiont-conferred resistance