microbiota harbored by D. saccharalis inhibits the growth of Colletotrichum falcatum and Fusarium verticillioides, which are both rot-causing fungi of sugarcane stalk

may enhance egg survival probably due to the synthesis of antifungal and antibacterial compounds

could effectively inhibit fungal spore germinations

Surface bacteria can defend flies against fungal parasitic infections

Rickettsia infection improved its host’s fitness by enhancing its resistance towards insecticides (imidacloprid and spirotetramat), entomopathogenic fungus (Akanthomyces attenuatus) and parasitoid (Encarsia formosa)

BsNLG8 significantly inhibited the growth of phytopathogenic fungi and also demonstrated the ability to produce siderophores, which explains its antagonistic mechanism.

with anti-N. bombycis activity might play an important role in protecting silkworms from microsporidia

suppress the growth of fungal pathogens and ultimately protect bee brood from infection

Antibiotic production

contribute brood ball hygiene by inhibiting fungal parasites in the environment

show resistance to some antibiotics

show resistance to some antibiotics

show resistance to some antibiotics

Stenotrophomonas spp. can colonize a gut microbiome with limited other symbionts in the presence of kanamycin.The antibiotic-induced dysbiosis and insecticide tolerance that occurred in the resistant strain suggest new, exciting mutualistic relationships between gut microbiota and their insect hosts.

Paenibacillus strains can be pathogens of arthropods

potentially facilitate carcass utilization by producing digestive enzymes, eliminating cadaver-associated toxic volatiles, and releasing antimicrobials to sanitize the microenvironment

potentially facilitate carcass utilization by producing digestive enzymes, eliminating cadaver-associated toxic volatiles, and releasing antimicrobials to sanitize the microenvironment

potentially facilitate carcass utilization by producing digestive enzymes, eliminating cadaver-associated toxic volatiles, and releasing antimicrobials to sanitize the microenvironment

can function as a defensive mutualist as it prevents the weedy fungus while keeping the crop fungus (fungus garden) unaffected

provides protection to the developing offspring against pathogenic microorganisms