Lepidoptera (Order)

B. subtilis can generate a variety of primary and secondary metabolites, such as B vitamins and antimicrobial compounds, to provide micronutrients and enhance the pathogen resistance of their insect host; The antimicrobial compounds secreted by B. subtilis were the primary driving force for the reconstruction of intestinal microbiota

After infection with F. tularensis, the induction of melanization and nodulation, which are immune responses to bacterial infection, were inhibited in silkworms. Pre-inoculation of silkworms with F. tularensis enhanced the expression of antimicrobial peptides and resistance to infection by pathogenic bacteria.

To achieve Male killing (MK), Wolbachia impaired the host dosage compensation system and triggered abnormal apoptosis in male embryos.Also, disrupted the sex-determination cascade of males by inducing female-type splice variants of doublesex (dsx), a downstream regulator of the sex-determining gene cascade.

when infected with Wolbachia, it exhibits cytoplasmic incompatibility between uninfected females and infected males. We found that E. kuehniella suffers costs as a result of Wolbachia infection, through decreased larval survival and adult longevity, and prolonged developmental period

Staphyloxanthin pigment from gut symbiont presented considerable biological properties including in vitro antimicrobial activity against pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans; in vitro antioxidant activity by % DPPH free radical scavenging activity

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

The ability of these arthropods to feed on wood, foliage and detritus is likely to involve catalysis by different types of cellulases/hemicellulases that are secreted by gut microbiota to digest the structural and recalcitrant lignocellulosic residues in their foods.

Pseudomonas fulva ZJU1 can degrade and utilize the mulberry-derived secondary metabolite, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) as the sole energy source, and after inoculation into nonspecialists, P. fulva ZJU1 increased host resistance to DNJ and significantly promoted growth

To achieve Male killing (MK), Spiroplasma triggered abnormal apoptosis in male embryos. Also, disrupted the sex-determination cascade of males by inducing female-type splice variants of doublesex (dsx), a downstream regulator of the sex-determining gene cascade.

actively secretes a stable class IIa bacteriocin (mundticin KS) against invading bacteria, including the opportunistic pathogens E. faecalis and E. casseliflavus, but not against other gut residents, facilitating the normal development of host gut microbiota

suggesting the occurrence of an unprecedented desferrioxamine-like biosynthetic pathway,including desferrioxamine B, which may help tolerating diets rich in azoxyglycosides, BMAA, and other cycad toxins, including a possible role for bacterial siderophores

suggesting the occurrence of an unprecedented desferrioxamine-like biosynthetic pathway,including desferrioxamine B, which may help tolerating diets rich in azoxyglycosides, BMAA, and other cycad toxins, including a possible role for bacterial siderophores

suggesting the occurrence of an unprecedented desferrioxamine-like biosynthetic pathway,including desferrioxamine B, which may help tolerating diets rich in azoxyglycosides, BMAA, and other cycad toxins, including a possible role for bacterial siderophores

suggesting the occurrence of an unprecedented desferrioxamine-like biosynthetic pathway,including desferrioxamine B, which may help tolerating diets rich in azoxyglycosides, BMAA, and other cycad toxins, including a possible role for bacterial siderophores

suggesting the occurrence of an unprecedented desferrioxamine-like biosynthetic pathway,including desferrioxamine B, which may help tolerating diets rich in azoxyglycosides, BMAA, and other cycad toxins, including a possible role for bacterial siderophores

The core dominant Enterococcus species possessed complete pathways of 14 carbohydrates metabolism, 11 amino acids biosynthesis, and two vitamins synthesize, implied to contribute an essential role to the nutrition intake and development of C. medinalis

Abundance of genus Pseudomonas in D. superans larvae increased, but Serratia and Enterobacter decreased, and L. dispar larvae fed on aconitine-treated diet and nicotine-treated diet shared dominant bacteria Enterococcus (by 16S rRNA gene sequencing)

The ingestion of bacteria negatively affected the development and nutritional physiology of insect. The bacteria after successful establishment started degrading the gut wall and invaded the haemocoel thereby causing the death of the host.

The ingestion of bacteria negatively affected the development and nutritional physiology of insect. The bacteria after successful establishment started degrading the gut wall and invaded the haemocoel thereby causing the death of the host.

Individual exposure of B. thuringiensis isolates to P. absoluta revealed high susceptibility of the pest and could potentially be used to develop effective, safe and affordable microbial pesticides for the management of P. absoluta.

the butterfly Eurema hecabe is infected with two different strains (wHecCI2 and wHecFem2) of the bacterial endosymbiont Wolbachia, genetic males are transformed into functional females, resulting in production of all-female broods.

modulate immunity-related gene expression in the infected F0 larvae, and also in their offspring, triggered immune responses in the infected host associated with shifts in both DNA methylation and histone acetylation

modulate plant defense, downregulated the activity of the plant defensive proteins polyphenol oxidase and trypsin proteinase inhibitors (trypsin PI) but upregulated peroxidase (POX) activity in tomatoresponses

modulate plant defense, downregulated the activity of the plant defensive proteins polyphenol oxidase and trypsin proteinase inhibitors (trypsin PI) but upregulated peroxidase (POX) activity in tomatoresponses

gut bacterial communities in BCW larvae are capable of degrading various polysaccharides, including cellulose, xylan, pectin, and starch, and producing lipolytic and protease enzymes to aid BCW metabolism

could produce a secreted chitinolytic lysozyme (termed Msp1) to damage fungal cell walls，completely inhibit the spore germination of fungal entomopathogens Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana

could produce a secreted chitinolytic lysozyme (termed Msp1) to damage fungal cell walls，completely inhibit the spore germination of fungal entomopathogens Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana

facilitate host resistance against organophosphate insecticides, provides essential amino acids that increase host fitness and allow the larvae to better tolerate the toxic effects of the insecticide.

allow the adaptation of this insect to plants rich in protease inhibitors, minimizing the potentially harmful consequences of protease inhibitors from some of this insect host plants, such as soybean

allow the adaptation of this insect to plants rich in protease inhibitors, minimizing the potentially harmful consequences of protease inhibitors from some of this insect host plants, such as soybean

allow the adaptation of this insect to plants rich in protease inhibitors, minimizing the potentially harmful consequences of protease inhibitors from some of this insect host plants, such as soybean

allow the adaptation of this insect to plants rich in protease inhibitors, minimizing the potentially harmful consequences of protease inhibitors from some of this insect host plants, such as soybean

allow the adaptation of this insect to plants rich in protease inhibitors, minimizing the potentially harmful consequences of protease inhibitors from some of this insect host plants, such as soybean

process alkalophilic cellulase which hydrolyzed cellulose, avicel and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and the final product of CMC hydrolysis was cellobiose using thin-layer chromatography analysis

Klebsiella oxytoca and Bacillus spp. produce the volatile alkyl disulfides present in the fecal pellets, which serve as kairomones to attract the parasitoid Diadromus pulchellus to the moth host

Klebsiella oxytoca and Bacillus spp. produce the volatile alkyl disulfides present in the fecal pellets, which serve as kairomones to attract the parasitoid Diadromus pulchellus to the moth host

been associated with growth-promoting activity, is capable of producing volatile pyrazines, including 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine, which are used as pheromones by ants

produces a small-molecule antibiotic (E)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-(isopropyl)-5-(2-phenylethenyl)benzene (ST) that also acts as an inhibitor of phenoloxidase (PO) in the insect host Manduca sexta.

actively secretes a stable class IIa bacteriocin (mundticin KS) against invading bacteria, but not against other gut residents, facilitating the normal development of host gut microbiota

two immunity-related genes glucose oxidase (GOX) and lysozyme (LYZ) were more highly expressed in both salivary glands and midguts compared with MgCl2 solution-treated caterpillars

Strain wkB204 grew in the presence of amygdalin as the sole carbon source, suggesting that this strain degrades amygdalin and is not susceptible to the potential byproducts

Beauveria bassiana infection-based assays showed that the mortality of non-axenic L. dispar asiatica larvae was significantly higher than that of axenic larvae at 72 h.

microbiota harbored by D. saccharalis inhibits the growth of Colletotrichum falcatum and Fusarium verticillioides, which are both rot-causing fungi of sugarcane stalk

microbiota harbored by D. saccharalis inhibits the growth of Colletotrichum falcatum and Fusarium verticillioides, which are both rot-causing fungi of sugarcane stalk

microbiota harbored by D. saccharalis inhibits the growth of Colletotrichum falcatum and Fusarium verticillioides, which are both rot-causing fungi of sugarcane stalk

Antibiotic-treated larvae suffered growth retardation on a diet containing plant extract or swainsonine. Gut bacteria showed toxin-degradation activities in vitro

Antibiotic-treated larvae suffered growth retardation on a diet containing plant extract or swainsonine. Gut bacteria showed toxin-degradation activities in vitro

influence the feeding behavior of the larvae of E. postvittana , favoring their development and survival, enhance host life-history performance of E. postvittana

microbe-mediated assaults by maize defenses on the fall armyworm on the insect digestive and immune system reduced growth and elevated mortality in these insects

microbe-mediated assaults by maize defenses on the fall armyworm on the insect digestive and immune system reduced growth and elevated mortality in these insects

microbe-mediated assaults by maize defenses on the fall armyworm on the insect digestive and immune system reduced growth and elevated mortality in these insects

P. blancardella relies on bacterial endosymbionts (possibly Wolbachia) to manipulate the physiology of its host plant, resulting in the green-island phenotype

To increase host insect fitness, the maintenance of chlorophyll and nutrient-rich “green island” (insect feeding site) in senescent leaves of the host plant

Bacteria isolated from a host plant had a glycoside-degrading activity, which enhanced growth of the moth when larvae were fed on a toxin-containing diet

producing chymotrypsin-like proteases, probable assistance to insect in proteinaceous food digestion and adaptation to protease inhibitors of host plants

promote the growth of Thitarodes larvae, elevate bacterial diversity, maintain a better balance of intestinal flora, and act as a probiotic in Thitarodes

Have the function of nutrient absorption, energy metabolism, the plant’s secondary metabolites degradation, insect immunity regulation, and so on

Have the function of nutrient absorption, energy metabolism, the plant’s secondary metabolites degradation, insect immunity regulation, and so on

can enhance the growth of fall armyworm, but these effects arecontingent on dietary conditions, isolate availability, and host larval instar

secrete a stable class II bacteriocin, mundticin KS, against invading bacteria, facilitating the normal development of host gut microbiota

the bacteria are symbiotic with entomopathogenic nematodes but become pathogenic on release from the nematode into the insect blood system

a widely used bacterial entomopathogen producing insecticidal toxins, some of which are expressed in insect-resistant transgenic crops

interfere with plant anti-herbivore defense and avoid fully activating the JA-regulated antiherbivore defenses of rice plants

play an important role in the breakdown of plant cell walls, detoxification of plant phenolics, and synthesis of amino acids.

interfere with plant anti-herbivore defense and avoid fully activating the JA-regulated antiherbivore defenses of rice plants

play an important role in the breakdown of plant cell walls, detoxification of plant phenolics, and synthesis of amino acids.

play an important role in the breakdown of plant cell walls, detoxification of plant phenolics, and synthesis of amino acids.

disturbances in the parental microbiota may affect the ability their offspring to cope with the stress of host plant shift

mediates the saprophyte-to-insect pathogen transition through modulation of the expression of a membrane protein, Mr-OPY2.

Pantoea sp. showed active decarboxylase activities while poor deaminase activities in the presence of various amino acids

gut microbiomes mainly included membrane transport, carbohydrate metabolism and replication, and amino acid metabolism

activity of alkaliphilic cellulase with exo/endoglucanase activity and organic solvent, temperature and pH stability

Saccharomyces are important fungi for insects in terms of nutrient supply and may be involved in insect development

play important roles in helping the host larva to digest foods, adapt to extreme environments, or resist pathogens

play important roles in helping the host larva to digest foods, adapt to extreme environments, or resist pathogens

play important roles in helping the host larva to digest foods, adapt to extreme environments, or resist pathogens

play important roles in helping the host larva to digest foods, adapt to extreme environments, or resist pathogens

manipulates both the host plant and insect herbivore across life cycle to promote its infection and dissemination

impacted the host immunity by down-regulating the expression of a gene involved in the response against pathogens

leading to hydrolysis of cellulosic waste into reducing sugars which could be used for the growth of bacteria

enhance the compatibility of invasive pests to new hosts and enable more rapid adaptation to new habitats.

enhance the compatibility of invasive pests to new hosts and enable more rapid adaptation to new habitats.

enhance the compatibility of invasive pests to new hosts and enable more rapid adaptation to new habitats.

feed on plant pathogenic fungi for greater levels of total nitrogen, essential amino acids and B vitamins

they could be involved in lipid biosynthesis, and the degradation and detoxification of toxic substances

process a lipase gene and antiviral activity of its protein against B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV)

midgut bacterial overload confers an advantage against certain entomopathogens such as B. thuringiensis

with anti-N. bombycis activity might play an important role in protecting silkworms from microsporidia

producing useful enzymes, such as amylases, cellulases, lipases, proteases, xylanases, and mannanases

suppress bacteria ingested with food by producing bacteriocin and by releasing a lysozyme like enzyme

Condensed tannins improved growth of Acinetobacter sp. by 15% (by measuring the optical density)

detoxify benzoxazinoids (secondary metabolites produced by maize) and promote caterpillar growth

extreme cellulolytic enzymes, at extreme (pH 14) conditions, exhibited cellulolytic properties

extreme cellulolytic enzymes, at extreme (pH 13) conditions, exhibited cellulolytic properties

extreme cellulolytic enzymes, at extreme (pH 12) conditions, exhibited cellulolytic properties

the products of the symbiont gene cluster inhibit Spodoptera frugiperda phenoloxidase activity

degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, lufenuron and spinosyn

gut microbes may be essential for improving the efficiency of food utilization in S. litura

colonization resistance as a primary ecological function of adult butterfly gut microbiomes

degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, lufenuron and spinosyn

degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, lufenuron and spinosyn

degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, lufenuron and spinosyn

degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos ethyl, lufenuron and spinosyn

produce Bombyxamycin A which showed significant antibacterial and antiproliferative effects

Penicillium is well known for its ability to degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin

mitigation of the negative effects of proteinase inhibitors produced by the host plant

mitigation of the negative effects of proteinase inhibitors produced by the host plant

mitigation of the negative effects of proteinase inhibitors produced by the host plant

mitigation of the negative effects of proteinase inhibitors produced by the host plant

contribute an essential role to the nutrition intake and development of C. medinalis.

Bacillus pumilus strains: LB66, LB24, and TT29 presented different tannase activity

Posses cellulolytic activity and antimicrobial activity against silkworm pathogens

Corynebacterium sp. 2-TD, mediates the toxicity of the 2-tridecanone to H. armigera

Klebsiella sp. EMBL-1 is able to depolymerize and utilize PVC as sole energy source

decreased resistance to the widely used insecticide, chlorpyrifos, in P. xylostella

protein hydrolase activity for proteases, serine proteases, and cysteine proteases

degradation of acephate, used acephate as a source of carbon and energy for growth

protein hydrolase activity for proteases, serine proteases, and cysteine proteases

degradation of acephate, used acephate as a source of carbon and energy for growth

enhanced resistance to the widely used insecticide, chlorpyrifos, in P. xylostella

protein hydrolase activity for proteases, serine proteases, and cysteine proteases

protein hydrolase activity for proteases, serine proteases, and cysteine proteases

enhanced resistance to the widely used insecticide, chlorpyrifos, in P. xylostella

degradation of acephate, used acephate as a source of carbon and energy for growth

provide a protective effect to against chlorantraniliprole stress to S. frugiperda

Wolbachia reduce the susceptibility of C. suppressalis to fipronil and avermectin

participate in the synthesis of host lacking amino acids histidine and threonine

participate in the synthesis of host lacking amino acids histidine and threonine

participate in the synthesis of host lacking amino acids histidine and threonine

Pantoea sp. reduce the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana to Grapholita molesta

Insecticide resistance against the toxic effects of organophosphate insecticides

activity of keratin-degrading enzymes and enable the larvae to feed on keratin

may be essential for improving the efficiency of food utilization in S. litura

confer a significant fitness advantage via nutritional (amino acids) upgrading

degradation of indoxacarb, it could use indoxacarb for metabolism and growth

shows potent antiviral activity against the budded virions of Bombyx mori NPV

reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes with the potential for dissemination

able to utilize three polysaccharides including CMcellulose, xylan and pectin

detoxifying processes – dehalogenation and aromatic hydrocarbons degradation

protect their host by deterring feeding and negative effects on development

detoxifying processes –dehalogenation and aromatic hydrocarbons degradation

cellulose degrading and applied for biomass conversion in biofuel industry

cellulose degrading and applied for biomass conversion in biofuel industry

Male-killing, in which symbionts kill the male progeny of infected females

Male-killing, in which symbionts kill the male progeny of infected females

trigger an immune response cascade and decrease risk of serious infection

protect the host against pathogens and noncommensal microbes from outside

manipulate the sexual development and reproduction of their insect hosts.

producing cellulase enzyme which will outline the cellulose into glucose

energy and nucleotide metabolism, transcription and translation pathways

activity of cellulose and hemicellulose, degrade CMC, xylan, and pectin

male killing; driving a selective sweep on armyworm haplotype diversity

gut bacteria include suppression and detoxification of plant defences

gut bacteria include suppression and detoxification of plant defences

could degrade the major toxic α-solanine and α-chaconine in potatoes

modulation of plant CK levels is impaired in the Wolbachia-free host

induces reproductive incompatibility in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci

downregulated POX but upregulated trypsin PI in this plant species

downregulated POX but upregulated trypsin PI in this plant species

be able to hydrolyze tannic acid releasing gallic acid and glucose

may play a specific role in the production of deceptive pyrazines

activity of chitinase, enhance the larval growth and development

Complete feminisation of genetic males into functional females

Complete feminisation of genetic males into functional females

provide nutritional services and accelerate host development

defending its host insect against various adverse conditions

influence the growth of Bacillus thuringiensis in the larvae

influence the growth of Bacillus thuringiensis in the larvae

degradation of aspen defense chemicals: phenolic glycosides

play a key role in the polyethylene biodegradation process

play a key role in the polyethylene biodegradation process

degrading and utilizing different types of plant materials

may influence the metabolization of pesticides in insects

may influence the metabolization of pesticides in insects

may influence the metabolization of pesticides in insects

affects energy and metabolic homeostasis in S. frugiperda

may influence the metabolization of pesticides in insects

may influence the metabolization of pesticides in insects

may influence the metabolization of pesticides in insects

may influence the metabolization of pesticides in insects

may influence the metabolization of pesticides in insects

may influence the metabolization of pesticides in insects

Increase anti-herbivore defence; insecticidal activities

significantly improve the host survival and development

significantly improve the host survival and development

Wolbachia make host more susceptible to viral infection

Against plant-derived protease inhibitor; pest control

Against plant-derived protease inhibitor; pest control

Against plant-derived protease inhibitor; pest control

Against plant-derived protease inhibitor; pest control

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

antimicrobial activity against Bacillus thuringiensis

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

degrade Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in vitro

degradation of flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole

Paenibacillus strains can be pathogens of arthropods

degradation of flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole

degradation of flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole

may play a protective role against insect pathogens

process serine- and cysteine-proteinase activities

degradation of cellulose, xylan, pectin and starch

degradation of cellulose, xylan, pectin and starch

process serine- and cysteine-proteinase activities

process serine- and cysteine-proteinase activities

degradation of cellulose, xylan, pectin and starch

degradation of cellulose, xylan, pectin and starch

process serine- and cysteine-proteinase activities

reduce adverse fungal infestations and mortality

producing chitinase contribute to host nutrition

produce a cocktail of keratin-degrading enzymes

activity of lignocellulose- degrading enzymes

affect the composition of insect gut bacteria

have a marked influence on larval growth rate

activity of lignocellulose- degrading enzymes

may have positive effects on insect fecundity

might play a role in detoxifying cycad toxins

might play a role in detoxifying cycad toxins

might play a role in detoxifying cycad toxins

may improve the fitness of transgenic males

induced higher defense responses in plants

induced higher defense responses in plants

induced higher defense responses in plants

induced higher defense responses in plants

induced higher defense responses in plants

induced higher defense responses in plants

able to utilize the CMcellulose and xylan

mediate trans-generational immune priming

Counteract anti-herbivore plant defences

producing amylase for starch degradation

degradation of plant phenolics: catechol

degradation of plant phenolics: catechol

detoxification and metabolic pesticides

activity of cellulose and hemicellulose

detoxification and metabolic pesticides

producing lipase in a gut environment

producing lipase in a gut environment

producing lipase in a gut environment

able to degrade alkaloids and/or latex

increase pupal weight and male fitness

protect their host by larval mortality

able to degrade alkaloids and/or latex

producing lipase in a gut environment

able to degrade alkaloids and/or latex

producing lipase in a gut environment

producing lipase in a gut environment

associated with cellulose degradation

possess cellulose degrading activity

possess cellulose degrading activity

possess cellulose degrading activity

possess cellulose degrading activity

possess cellulose degrading activity

possess cellulose degrading activity

possess cellulose degrading activity

possess cellulose degrading activity

possess cellulose degrading activity

inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility

kill male hosts during embryogenesis

digest compounds abundant in foods

producing an antimicrobial peptide

facilitate lactic acid production

efficiently produces lactic acid

Spiroplasma-induced male killing

producing cellulase and amylase

damaged polyethylene (PE) films

producing cellulase and amylase

damaged polyethylene (PE) films

regulates amino acid metabolism

metabolize different pesticides

metabolize different pesticides

metabolize different pesticides

metabolize different pesticides

metabolize different pesticides

producing cellulase and amylase

metabolize different pesticides

metabolize different pesticides

metabolize different pesticides

metabolize different pesticides

producing cellulase and amylase

producing cellulase and amylase

producing cellulase and amylase

biodegradation of Polyethylene

biodegradation of Polyethylene

degradation of plant alkaloids

biodegradation of Polyethylene

able to tolerate natural latex

degradation of plant alkaloids

biodegradation of Polyethylene

resistance to pathogenic fungi

participate in detoxicating

participate in detoxicating

degrade polyurethanes (PUs)

partial strain male killing

have cellulolytic activity

have cellulolytic activity

have cellulolytic activity

degrade polyethylene (PE)

degrade polyethylene (PE)

participate in nutrition

Metabolize insecticides

degrading flubendiamide

degrading flubendiamide

degrade maize cellulose

degrading flubendiamide

resistance to invasion

cellulolytic activity

cellulolytic activity

cellulolytic activity

cellulolytic activity

induced male-killing

producing xylanase

producing amylase

producing amylase

producing amylase

producing amylase

degrade amygdalin

degrade amygdalin

degrade amygdalin

degrade amygdalin

degrade cellulose

degrade amygdalin

degrade amygdalin

degrade amygdalin

Nitrogen fixation

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